Our closest neighbor, that is, in terms of planetary relations, is Mars. The red planet, as Mars is called because of its color, is also the best hope for most scientists to find life outside Earth. So much research has been done about the planet and many space organizations have been sending probes to find signs of life.
Tech billionaire and SpaceX founder Elon Musk wants to colonize Mars with a million people in an effort to protect humanity from certain doom.
More than 100,000 people are eager to make themselves at home on another planet. Out of the thousands, 40 people will be selected. Of the 40, just four will participate in the first passage to Mars, which is scheduled to leave in September 2022 and land seven months later in April 2023.
Another second group of four will leave two years after the first.
The astronauts will complete eight years of training. According to the Mars One website, candidates will be isolated from the world for a few months every two years in groups of four in simulation facilities, to test how they respond to living in close quarter with just three other people.
Anyone 18 or older may apply, but the fee depends on a user's nationality. Each lender that Mars One sends will be able to carry about 5,511 pounds of "useful load" to Mars, he said. After eight missions, more than 44,000 pounds of supplies and people are expected to have arrived. The capsules themselves, whose weight is not included in that number, will become part of the habitat.
Food and solar panels will go in the capsules. Earth won't be sending much water or oxygen though -- those will be manufactured on Mars, Lansdorp said.
The atmosphere on Mars is so thin that settlers won't be able to go outside without a spacesuit. Cabins will need to be pressurized at all times.
NASA does not allow their astronauts to expose themselves to radiation levels that could increase their risk of developing cancer by more than 3%.
To maintain the radiation exposure standards that NASA requires, the maximum time an astronaut can spend in space "is anywhere from about 300 days to about 360 days for the solar minimum activity. For solar maximum, in ranges anywhere from about 275 days to 500 days," said Eddie Semones, NASA spaceflight radiation officer.
The risks of space travel in general are already very high, so radiation is really not our biggest concern
Some space travel experts have said the risks are far too high to carry out these manned missions to Mars, a distance that humans have never traveled.
There is no Navigation on the planet, but the Mars One settlers will begin to grow crops in specially designed 'plant production units'.
By the admission of Mars One, 'You could say that most people would rather lose a leg than live the rest of their life on a cold, hostile planet, having said goodbye to friends and family forever, the best possible video call suffering from a seven minute delay - one way. The organisers say human settlement on Mars will aid our understanding of the origins of the solar system, the origins of life and our place in the universe. The Mars One website states the mission is only one-way as Earth return vehicles that can take off from the Red Planet are currently unavailable and would add to the already huge cost.
“We’re not looking for individuals, we are looking for perfect teams. We want individuals who fit into certain teams of people going to Mars. They must be healthy, smart enough to learn new skills and with a character and mind-set that can function in a small group,” Mr Lansdorp said.
"We're figuring out how to take you to Mars and build a self-sustaining city," Musk told the crowd, "to become a truly multi planetary species."
Once the newest Martians take off in their spacecraft, they'll never touch back down on Earth - no return mission is planned. None of them will ever return to Earth.
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